Spatial coupling is a research area that focuses on the interactions and connections between different elements or components within a spatial domain. This can include studying the relationships between different regions or locations, the impact of spatial proximity on various phenomena, or the ways in which spatial arrangements influence outcomes. Researchers in this field often utilize spatial analysis techniques, geographic information systems (GIS), and other tools to analyze and understand the relationships between spatial entities. Spatial coupling can be applied to a wide range of disciplines, including urban planning, environmental studies, transportation planning, and social sciences. Overall, spatial coupling research aims to better understand how the spatial organization of elements within a system or environment impacts behavior, interactions, and outcomes. By examining these relationships, researchers can make informed decisions and recommendations for improving spatial planning, resource management, and overall sustainability.